Which federal law is designed to protect most species of wild birds?

The Migratory Bird Treaty Act is the correct answer because it specifically addresses the protection of many migratory bird species in the United States. This law implements treaties between the U.S. and several other countries aimed at conserving migratory bird populations. It prohibits the taking, killing, or possession of migratory birds, their eggs, or nests without a permit, thereby creating a legal framework for their protection and conservation.

The Endangered Species Act, while it does play a crucial role in protecting species that are threatened or endangered, does not specifically focus on the majority of wild birds, particularly those that are migratory. The Wildlife Conservation Act and the Bird Protection Law may refer to general wildlife or specific bird protections but lack the broad legal framework established by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act which directly addresses migratory birds and their habitats.