What is the primary purpose of mulch in gardening and landscaping?

The primary purpose of mulch in gardening and landscaping is to reduce weeds and retain moisture. When applied to the soil surface, mulch acts as a barrier, preventing sunlight from reaching weed seeds, which can significantly inhibit their growth. This helps in maintaining a cleaner and more manageable garden.

Additionally, mulch plays a crucial role in moisture retention. It slows down water evaporation from the soil, ensuring that plants receive adequate moisture, especially during hot and dry conditions. This is particularly beneficial for young plants and newly established gardens, as it helps reduce the frequency of watering needed.

While other options mention valid benefits of mulch—such as enhancing aesthetics, improving soil fertility, and providing habitat for beneficial organisms—these are secondary or additional benefits, rather than the primary functions that answer the question directly. The primary focus remains on weed suppression and moisture conservation, making the second choice the most accurate.