What is the primary purpose of mulch in gardening and landscaping?

The primary purpose of mulch in gardening and landscaping is to reduce weeds and retain moisture. By covering the soil with a layer of mulch, it prevents sunlight from reaching weed seeds, thereby suppressing their growth and reducing competition for nutrients and water. Additionally, mulch helps retain soil moisture by reducing evaporation, which is especially beneficial during dry periods. This dual function of weed suppression and moisture retention is fundamental for maintaining healthy plants and creating a thriving garden environment. While aesthetics, soil fertility, and providing habitat for organisms are significant benefits of mulch, they are secondary to its primary roles in weed control and moisture conservation.