What is a pathological condition affecting an organism called?

A pathological condition affecting an organism is best described as a disease. This term specifically refers to any abnormal condition that negatively impacts the bodily functions, leading to symptoms that can be identified and categorized. Diseases can arise from various causes, including infections, genetic factors, and environmental influences, and they often require medical diagnosis and treatment.

While the other terms have their relevance in the medical field, they do not quite capture the specific meaning of "disease." For example, a syndrome refers to a collection of symptoms that frequently occur together but may not always be caused by the same underlying issue. A condition is a more general term that can describe any health issue without necessarily addressing its nature as pathological. A disorder usually implies a disruption in normal bodily functions or mental processes, but it is broader and may not always fit the definition of a disease.

In summary, the choice of "disease" as the answer signifies a direct recognition of a specific pathological condition, thus making it the most accurate representation among the provided options.