What does the term "toxicity" refer to in relation to pesticides?

The term "toxicity" specifically refers to how poisonous a substance, such as a pesticide, is to an organism. This measure is crucial for understanding the potential risks that a pesticide poses to non-target organisms, including humans, pets, and wildlife, as well as the intended pest species. Toxicity is assessed through various studies that evaluate the effects of exposure to the chemical, including dose-response relationships, which help in determining safe usage levels and necessary precautions.

In contrast, effectiveness relates to how well a pesticide controls the intended target pest, which is not the same as toxicity. Similarly, the environmental impact focuses on the broader consequences a pesticide may have on ecosystems, while the costs and benefits analysis evaluates the economic aspects of pesticide use. Understanding toxicity is essential for safe pesticide application and minimization of risks to human health and the environment.