What does "pesticide resistance" refer to?

Pesticide resistance refers to a change in the genetic makeup of a pest population that allows some individuals to survive applications of a pesticide that previously were effective against them. This genetic change can occur through natural selection: pests that have or acquire mutations granting them tolerance to the pesticide are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass these traits to future generations. This increases the proportion of resistant individuals in the population over time, making it increasingly difficult to manage these pests using the same chemical controls.

Understanding pesticide resistance is crucial for pest management strategies because it emphasizes the need for integrated pest management (IPM) practices. These might include rotating different types of pesticides, using biological control methods, or implementing cultural practices that reduce pest populations rather than relying solely on chemical control. Addressing resistance is essential to maintaining the long-term effectiveness of pesticides and ensuring sustainable agricultural production.