What are chemicals that attract members of the opposite sex called?

The term "pheromones" refers specifically to chemical substances produced and released into the environment by animals, including insects, to communicate with others of the same species. Pheromones play a crucial role in mating behaviors, as they can attract members of the opposite sex, signaling readiness for reproduction. This method of chemical communication is vital for many species' reproductive success.

The other terms, while relevant to environmental chemistry and pest management, do not denote chemicals that attract individuals for mating purposes. Herbicides are specifically designed to kill or inhibit plant growth, insecticides are formulated to control insect populations by killing or repelling them, and attractants generally refer to substances that lure pests or other organisms but may not encompass the full range of communication as pheromones do. Thus, pheromones accurately captures the essence of the question regarding attraction for mating.